Glossary

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Aphasia-Friendly(also: Aphasia-Accessible, Aphasia-Friendly Design)

A set of design practices for making written, spoken, and audiovisual content more accessible to people with aphasia. Established principles (Rose, Worrall, Hickson, Hoffmann) include short sentences with one idea per line, familiar everyday vocabulary, large sans-serif fonts…

Arteriovenous Malformation(also: AVM)

A tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins directly, bypassing the normal capillary network. AVMs most often occur in the brain or spinal cord and can rupture, causing hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, or progressive neurological damage. When an AVM affects…

Broca's Aphasia(also: Nonfluent Aphasia, Expressive Aphasia, Motor Aphasia)

A type of aphasia caused by damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe of the brain, typically resulting from stroke. People with Broca's aphasia have difficulty producing speech and writing but generally retain good comprehension of spoken and written language. Their…

Cued Naming Therapy(also: Cued Naming, Cueing Hierarchy Therapy)

A structured aphasia therapy approach in which clinicians provide progressively stronger hints (cues) to help a person retrieve a target word. Cues may be phonological (providing the first sound or syllable), semantic (giving a related word or category), orthographic (showing…

Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test(also: FAST)

A brief, standardized assessment tool used to screen for the presence and severity of aphasia in stroke survivors and others with acquired language impairments. The FAST evaluates four language areas: comprehension, expression, reading, and writing, providing scores out of 30.…

Naming Practice(also: Confrontation Naming, Naming Therapy, Picture Naming)

A speech-language therapy technique in which individuals with aphasia are shown pictures of familiar objects and asked to produce the corresponding word. Naming practice is one of the most common and well-evidenced interventions for word finding difficulties (anomia) in people…

Photo-based Communication(also: Visual Communication Aid, Image-based Communication)

A communication strategy that uses photographs or images as the primary medium for conveying meaning, sharing experiences, and supporting conversation. For people with aphasia, intellectual disabilities, or other conditions that affect spoken and written language, photographs…

Remnant book(also: remnant scrapbook, memory book)

An AAC strategy that uses collected physical artifacts—such as ticket stubs, photos, business cards, and other tangible items—organized in a book or album to support communication for people with aphasia or other cognitive-communication disorders. Remnant books leverage…

Wernicke's Aphasia(also: Fluent Aphasia, Receptive Aphasia, Sensory Aphasia)

A type of aphasia caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe of the brain. People with Wernicke's aphasia can produce fluent speech with normal rhythm and grammar, but their words often don't make sense—they may use incorrect words, made-up words (neologisms),…

Western Aphasia Battery(also: WAB, WAB-R, Western Aphasia Battery-Revised)

A standardized assessment tool used to evaluate language function in adults with acquired neurological disorders, particularly aphasia following stroke or brain injury. The WAB measures spontaneous speech, auditory verbal comprehension, repetition, and naming to classify aphasia…

Word-Finding Difficulty(also: Anomia, Word Retrieval Difficulty, Tip-of-the-Tongue)

A common symptom of aphasia where a person knows what they want to say but cannot retrieve the correct word. Word-finding difficulties can range from occasional pauses to severe impairment where even common words become inaccessible. The experience is often described as having a…

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