Glossary

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NavCog(also: Navigational Cognitive Assistant)

A Bluetooth beacon-based navigation system developed at Carnegie Mellon University that provides indoor turn-by-turn navigation assistance and environmental information to blind and visually impaired users via smartphone. NavCog works by detecting BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)…

NavTap

A navigational text-entry method designed for blind mobile phone users that reduces the cognitive load associated with inputting text without visual feedback. NavTap organizes the alphabet into five rows beginning with vowels and allows users to navigate between letters using…

Non-Visual Drawing(also: Blind Drawing, Drawing Without Sight)

The practice of creating graphical representations — such as diagrams, shapes, charts, or illustrations — without relying on visual feedback. Non-visual drawing can be accomplished through tactile methods (using raised line drawing kits or embossing tools), audio-tactile methods…

Non-Visual Exploration(also: Non-Visual Interaction, Non-Visual Scanning)

The process by which blind or visually impaired people gather information about their physical environment, documents, or interfaces without relying on sight. Non-visual exploration combines multiple strategies including touch, audio feedback, spatial memory, contextual…

Non-Visual Interaction(also: Non-Visual Access, Non-Visual Interface)

Methods of interacting with computer systems and digital content without relying on visual display. Non-visual interaction encompasses screen reader output, speech interfaces, keyboard navigation with audio feedback, braille displays, and haptic feedback. The Raman Principle…

Nonvisual Accessibility(also: Non-Visual Access)

Nonvisual accessibility refers to approaches, strategies, and technologies that enable people who are blind or have low vision to access information and interact with digital and physical environments without relying on sight. This encompasses screen readers, braille displays,…

Nonvisual Interaction(also: Eyes-Free Interaction, Screenless Interaction)

Interaction with computing devices without relying on visual feedback, using alternative channels such as audio, tactile, or proprioceptive cues. Nonvisual interaction is essential for blind and low-vision users but also benefits sighted users in eyes-busy contexts like driving…

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