Glossary

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Calibrated Trust(also: Appropriate Reliance, Trust Calibration)

An HCI and human-factors concept, articulated by Lee and See, describing the alignment between a user's trust in an automated or AI system and the system's actual capability in a given context: trusting the system when it is reliable and being skeptical when it is not. Designing…

Calibration-Free Interface(also: Zero-Shot Interface, Plug-and-Play Interface, Cross-User Model)

An input system that works for a new user without any per-user training or calibration data, typically by relying on models trained on large multi-user datasets that capture enough physiological and behavioural variation to generalise. Voice assistants and mixed-reality hand…

Cognitive Overload(also: Information Overload, Cognitive Load)

A state in which the amount of information or the complexity of a task exceeds a person's processing capacity, leading to reduced performance, comprehension, or decision-making ability. In accessibility contexts, blind users of visual assistance technologies may experience…

Communicability

A quality property of interactive systems proposed by Semiotic Engineering theory, referring to the system's ability to effectively and efficiently convey to users the designer's communicative intentions, logic, and underlying interaction principles. High communicability means…

Comprehensibility(also: Comprehension, Intelligibility)

The degree to which users can understand and retain the key elements of content, including events, characters, actions, settings, and narrative progression. In audio-described media for visually impaired users, comprehensibility measures how effectively the audio presentation…

Conceptual Model(also: Mental Model)

A user's internal understanding of how a system works, including what actions are possible, what the current state is, and what the consequences of actions will be. Conceptual models are critical in accessibility because users who cannot build an accurate mental representation…

Confidence Indicator(also: Confidence Score, Uncertainty Indicator)

An interface element that communicates how certain an AI or automated system is about a given output, helping users decide how much to trust the result. In accessibility tools for blind and low-vision users, confidence indicators are especially important because users cannot…

Confirmation Message(also: Positive Feedback, On-track Feedback, Progress Confirmation)

A system message that reassures users they are performing a task correctly or are on the right path, as opposed to only providing error messages or corrective instructions. In assistive technology and cognitive accessibility, confirmation messages have been shown to be…

Context of Use(also: Use Context, Usage Context)

The combination of users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software, and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a product or service is used. In accessibility, context of use is a critical consideration because the same website may present different barriers…

Coping Strategies(also: Coping Tactics, Workaround Strategies)

The techniques and approaches that users with disabilities develop to navigate around accessibility barriers they encounter on the web and in digital interfaces. Expert screen reader users, for example, employ strategies such as using element lists, virtual search, heading…

Coping Strategy(also: Coping Behavior, Adaptive Strategy)

A behavioral pattern or workaround that users with disabilities employ when encountering inaccessible digital content or interfaces. Coping strategies emerge when technology fails to meet accessibility needs, forcing users to develop alternative approaches such as skipping…

Customization(also: User Customization)

Customization is the practice of allowing users to adapt a system's behaviour, output, or presentation to match their individual goals, preferences, and context. In accessibility, customization is essential because disability is heterogeneous: users of screen readers, AI…

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