Glossary

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Markup Language

A system of annotations or tags embedded within text that define the structure, presentation, or semantics of content without being displayed as visible text themselves. In web accessibility, markup languages such as HTML, XML, ARIA, and SVG are fundamental because assistive…

MathML(also: Mathematical Markup Language)

A W3C standard XML-based markup language for describing mathematical notation and its structure, enabling mathematical content to be rendered visually in web browsers and read aloud by screen readers. MathML is essential for STEM accessibility because it encodes both the visual…

Mathematical Accessibility(also: Math Accessibility, STEM Content Accessibility)

The practice of making mathematical content — including equations, formulas, graphs, and notation — perceivable, operable, and understandable by people with disabilities. Mathematical content poses unique accessibility challenges because it is inherently spatial and symbolic,…

Metadata Repository(also: Metadata Store, Metadata Registry)

A server-side system that stores and serves descriptive data about other resources — in accessibility contexts, typically information about web pages or their elements that helps assistive technology render them more usably. A metadata repository lets multiple tools share the…

Microscopic Navigation(also: Within-Page Navigation, Page-Level Navigation)

The process by which screen reader users navigate through individual elements and content within a single web page to find relevant information, as distinct from site-wide navigation between pages. Microscopic navigation involves detecting relevant content and skipping…

Microsoft Active Accessibility(also: MSAA, Active Accessibility)

Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) is an accessibility API introduced by Microsoft in 1997 that enables assistive technologies such as screen readers to interact with user interface elements in Windows applications. MSAA provides a standardized way for applications to expose…

Mobile Web Accessibility(also: Mobile Accessibility)

The practice of ensuring websites and web applications are usable by people with disabilities when accessed through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile web accessibility presents unique challenges including small screen sizes, touch-based interaction, device…

Modal Dialog(also: Modal Window, Dialog Box)

A user interface element that appears on top of the main content and requires user interaction before returning to the underlying page. In accessibility, modal dialogs must properly manage keyboard focus—trapping focus within the dialog so screen reader and keyboard users cannot…

Moodle

An open-source learning management system (LMS) used worldwide by universities, schools, and workplaces for course delivery, assessment, and content hosting. Moodle supports accessibility through themes that meet WCAG, an Accessibility Toolkit plugin for content checking, and an…

Multilingual Accessibility(also: Multilingual Web Accessibility)

The practice of ensuring that web content and digital services are accessible to people with disabilities across multiple languages and cultural contexts. Multilingual accessibility sits at the intersection of web accessibility and web localization, recognising that translated…

Multilingual Web(also: Multilingual Website, Multi-language Web)

Web content that is available in more than one language, typically through localization of an original website into additional language versions. Multilingual websites present unique accessibility challenges because the localization process can introduce or remove accessibility…

MutationObserver(also: DOM Mutation Observer, Mutation Records API)

An HTML5 browser API that monitors and reports changes to the Document Object Model (DOM) structure of a web page in real time, including additions and removals of elements, attribute changes, and text modifications. For accessibility, MutationObserver is significant because it…

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