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• "Every Website Is a Puzzle!": Facilitating Access to Common Website Features for People with Visual Impairments

  Natã M. Barbosa, Jordan Hayes, Smirity Kaushik, Yang Wang · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper addresses a fundamental challenge for screen reader users: while sighted users can rely on visual conventions to find common website features (log in at top right, contact at bottom), these shortcuts are inaccessible to users with visual impairments who must linearly…

  visual impairment · screen readers · web accessibility · machine learning · crowdsourcing

• Customizable Tabular Access to Web Data Records for Convenient Low-vision Screen Magnifier Interaction

  Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper introduces TableView+, a browser extension designed to address the significant challenges low-vision screen magnifier users face when browsing websites containing web data records—structured listings such as product catalogs, job postings, flight search results, and…

  low vision · screen magnifier · web accessibility · data extraction · browser extension

• Shared Privacy Concerns of the Visually Impaired and Sighted Bystanders with Camera-Based Assistive Technologies

  Taslima Akter, Tousif Ahmed, Apu Kapadia, Manohar Swaminathan · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper investigates the privacy and ethical concerns surrounding camera-based assistive technologies (like smart glasses) from two perspectives: people with visual impairments (PVIs) as technology wearers and sighted people as bystanders who might be observed. The…

  privacy · visual impairment · camera-based assistive technology · AI ethics · algorithmic bias

• Development and Evaluation of a Tool for Assisting Content Creators in Making PDF Files More Accessible

  Debashish Pradhan, Tripti Rajput, Aravind Jembu Rajkumar, Jonathan Lazar, Rajiv Jain, Vlad I. Morariu, Varun Manjunatha · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents the development and evaluation of "Ally," a web-based tool designed to help content creators remediate PDF documents for accessibility. While trillions of PDF documents exist online, only a small fraction include the metadata necessary for assistive…

  PDF accessibility · document remediation · content tagging · reading order · accessible tables

• Inclusive Improvisation: Exploring the Line between Listening and Playing Music

  Alon Ilsar, Gail Kenning, Sam Trolland, Ciaran Frame · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper explores how Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) designed for professional performance can be adapted into Accessible Digital Musical Instruments (ADMIs) with minimal hardware and software changes. The authors present the AirSticks, a gestural instrument originally…

  accessible digital musical instruments · ADMI · gesture recognition · music accessibility · improvisation

• MetaCogs: Mitigating Executive Dysfunction via Agent-based Modeling for Metacognitive Strategy Development

  Rua M. Williams, Kiana Alikhademi, Imani N. S. Munyaka, Juan E. Gilbert · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This study presents MetaCogs, a virtual reality experience designed to teach metacognitive strategies for managing executive dysfunction. Rather than targeting autistic or ADHD individuals as populations needing "intervention," the research centers autistic experiences as a…

  executive function · metacognition · autism · ADHD · virtual reality

• Addressing Accessibility Barriers in Programming for People with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review

  Aboubakar Mountapmbeme, Obianuju Okafor, Stephanie Ludi · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This systematic literature review analyzes 70 papers published between 2000-2020 examining accessibility barriers in programming for people with visual impairments and proposed solutions. The review covers both professional programmers and students learning to code, spanning…

  visual impairment · blindness · programming · IDE accessibility · screen readers

• AIGuide: Augmented Reality Hand Guidance in a Visual Prosthetic

  Sooyeon Lee, Chien Wen Yuan, So-yeon Yoon, John M. Carroll · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  AIGuide is an iOS smartphone application designed as a "visual prosthetic" to help people with visual impairments locate and physically reach objects in their environment. The app addresses what the authors call the "last meter problem"—while existing object detection apps like…

  augmented reality · visual impairment · object detection · hand guidance · multimodal feedback

• Comic Spin: A Comic Creation Tool Enabling Self-expression for People with Aphasia

  Carla Tamburro, Timothy Neate, Abi Roper, Stephanie Wilson · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  Comic Spin is a tablet application (iOS and Android) designed to enable people with aphasia to create comic strips through a constrained creativity approach. Aphasia, typically caused by stroke, affects language abilities including reading, writing, speaking, and…

  aphasia · creativity support tools · constrained creativity · self-expression · stroke

• Privacy Concerns for Visual Assistance Technologies

  Abigale Stangl, Kristina Shiroma, Nathan Davis, Bo Xie, Kenneth R. Fleischmann, Leah Findlater, Danna Gurari · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This comprehensive study examines privacy concerns of blind users when sharing images and videos with visual assistance technologies (VATs) like Aira, Be My Eyes, and Seeing AI. The research addresses a fundamental tension: blind people must share visual data to receive…

  visual impairment · privacy · visual assistance technology · artificial intelligence · remote sighted assistance

• INC-Hg: An Intelligent Collaborative Haptic-Gripper Virtual Reality System for Children with Autism to Develop Social Skills

  Yao Zhao, Nicole Shay, Jonathan Cofino, Debra Sterling, Erin Paquette, Adriana Debarros, Maria Gillen, Michelle Won, Zhigang Zhu, Cecilia Feeley, Amy Hurst · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents INC-Hg (Intelligent Collaborative Haptic-Gripper), a VR system designed to help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) practice collaborative and social communication skills. The system addresses a significant challenge: traditional collaborative VR…

  autism spectrum disorder · virtual reality · collaborative learning · haptic feedback · intelligent agents

• Supporting People with Acquired Brain Injury to Use a Reminding App; Narrow-deep vs. Broad-shallow User Interfaces

  Matthew Jamieson, Marilyn Lennon, Breda Cullen, Stephen Brewster, Jonathan Evans · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This study compares two contrasting user interface approaches for smartphone reminder apps used by people with acquired brain injury (ABI). "Broad-shallow" interfaces show lots of information on fewer screens (requiring scrolling), while "narrow-deep" interfaces present one…

  acquired brain injury · cognitive accessibility · user interface design · assistive technology · memory aids

• Career Interview Readiness in Virtual Reality (CIRVR): A Platform for Simulated Interview Training for Autistic Individuals and Their Employers

  Deeksha Adiani, Aaron Itzkovitz, Dayi Bian, Harrison Katz, Michael Breen, Spencer Hunt, Amy Swanson, Timothy J. Vogus, Joshua Wade, Nilanjan Sarkar · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper presents CIRVR (Career Interview Readiness in Virtual Reality), a closed-loop adaptive VR platform designed to help autistic individuals practice job interview skills. The system addresses a critical employment barrier: only 10-50% of autistic adults are employed,…

  autism spectrum disorder · virtual reality · employment · job interviews · stress detection

• Do You Hear What I Hear: The Balancing Act of Designing an Electronic Hockey Puck for Playing Hockey Non-Visually

  Tristan Cooper, Lauren Milne, Abhinav Shripad, Gayla Bassham · 2022 · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This research investigates the design requirements for an electronic hockey puck that enables blind and visually impaired players to locate and track the puck through sound. Blind hockey currently uses a league-standard puck (LSP) containing ball bearings that rattle when…

  blind sports · auditory feedback · sound localization · assistive sports equipment · accessible design

• Technical Perspective: Computation Where the (Inter)Action Is

  Jeffrey P. Bigham · 2022 · Communications of the ACM

  This one-page technical perspective accompanies the SoundWatch paper in Communications of the ACM. Bigham uses SoundWatch — a smartwatch prototype that detects audio events and displays descriptions for deaf and hard-of-hearing people — as a lens to explore broader questions…

  wearable technology · deaf and hard of hearing · sound recognition · smartwatch · assistive technology

• Diffscriber: Describing Visual Design Changes to Support Mixed-Ability Collaborative Presentation Authoring

  Yi-Hao Peng, Jason Wu, Jeffrey Bigham, Amy Pavel · 2022 · Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST)

  This paper presents Diffscriber, a system that identifies and describes visual design changes made to slide presentations, enabling blind and visually impaired (BVI) presenters to meaningfully participate in collaborative slide authoring with sighted collaborators. The research…

  blind and low vision · mixed-ability collaboration · presentation accessibility · authoring tools · screen readers

• Anticipate and Adjust: Cultivating Access in Human-Centered Methods

  Kelly Mack, Emma McDonnell, Venkatesh Potluri, Maggie Xu, Jailyn Zabala, Jeffrey Bigham, Jennifer Mankoff, Cynthia Bennett · 2022 · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This paper investigates how accessibility experts make human-centered research methods accessible for both disabled participants and disabled facilitators. Through 17 interviews with US and Canadian accessibility experts (13 researchers and 4 community organizers, 14 of whom…

  research methods · accessibility · disability · participatory design · user research

• Corridor-Walker: Mobile Indoor Walking Assistance for Blind People to Avoid Obstacles and Recognize Intersections

  Masaki Kuribayashi, Seita Kayukawa, Jayakorn Vongkulbhisal, Chieko Asakawa, Daisuke Sato, Hironobu Takagi, Shigeo Morishima · 2022 · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 6, MHCI, Article 179)

  Walking an indoor corridor independently is deceptively hard for a blind traveller. Two problems compound: avoiding obstacles stacked against the wall (the same wall the traveller uses as a tactile guide) and recognising when an intersection has arrived and which directions it…

  indoor navigation · blind navigation · obstacle avoidance · intersection detection · LiDAR

• Analyzing Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Users' Behavior, Usage, and Interaction with a Personal Assistant Device that Understands Sign-Language Input

  Abraham Glasser, Matthew Watkins, Kira Hart, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  This CHI 2022 paper investigates how Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) ASL signers would actually use a personal assistant device (such as an Amazon Echo Show or Google Home) if it could understand American Sign Language commands. The authors position their work against the…

  sign language · american sign language · deaf and hard of hearing · personal assistants · voice assistants

• Remotely Co-Designing Features for Communication Applications using Automatic Captioning with Deaf and Hearing Pairs

  Matthew Seita, Sooyeon Lee, Sarah Andrew, Kristen Shinohara, Matt Huenerfauth · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  This CHI 2022 paper addresses two intertwined problems. First, methodologically, how can co-design research involving both Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) and hearing participants be conducted remotely during and beyond COVID-19, when in-person sessions are not possible and masks…

  automatic speech recognition · deaf and hard of hearing · participatory design · co-design · videoconferencing

• Watch It, Don't Imagine It: Creating a Better Caption-Occlusion Metric by Collecting More Ecologically Valid Judgments from DHH Viewers

  Akhter Al Amin, Saad Hassan, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  This CHI 2022 paper builds a better automated metric for the severity of caption-occlusion — the problem of closed captions blocking important on-screen visual content during television programming. DHH viewers consistently report that even perfectly transcribed captions become…

  captioning · captions · caption occlusion · deaf and hard of hearing · television accessibility

• Methods for Evaluating the Fluency of Automatically Simplified Texts with Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Adults at Various Literacy Levels

  Oliver Alonzo, Jessica Trussell, Matthew Watkins, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  This CHI 2022 paper is a methodological study, not a product evaluation: the authors ask how researchers should measure the fluency of Automatic Text Simplification (ATS) output when the evaluators are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) adults spanning a wide range of English…

  automatic text simplification · deaf and hard of hearing · readability · reading accessibility · natural language processing

• Design and Evaluation of Hybrid Search for American Sign Language to English Dictionaries: Making the Most of Imperfect Sign Recognition

  Saad Hassan, Akhter Al Amin, Alexis Gordon, Sooyeon Lee, Matt Huenerfauth · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  This CHI 2022 paper tackles a practical problem faced by the roughly 200,000 students currently studying American Sign Language (ASL) in the US: how do you look up the meaning of a sign you just saw when you don't know its English gloss? Unlike written languages, ASL has no…

  american sign language · sign language · sign language recognition · search interfaces · dictionary

• Visualizing Urban Accessibility: Investigating Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives through a Map-based Design Probe Study

  Manaswi Saha, Siddhant Patil, Emily Cho, Evie Yu-Yen Cheng, Chris Horng, Devanshi Chauhan, Rachel Kangas, Richard McGovern, Anthony Li, Jeffrey Heer, Jon E. Froehlich · 2022 · Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22)

  A design-probe interview study investigating how different stakeholders make sense of urban accessibility data through map visualizations. The authors built 24 map-based probes across seven map types — point, severity-weighted point, grid, heatmap, choropleth, street, and…

  accessible maps · spatial cognition · data visualization · geovisualization · sensemaking

• Exploring Information Systems for the Workplace Accommodation Process

  Shiya Cao · 2021 · Proceedings of the 18th International Web for All Conference (W4A '21)

  This extended abstract presents doctoral research exploring how information systems (IS) can facilitate the workplace accommodation process for employees with disabilities. The research is motivated by the persistent employment gap for people with disabilities — only 19.3% are…

  workplace accessibility · accommodations · information systems · disability employment · organizational accessibility