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• A Parametric Approach to Sign Language Synthesis

  Amanda Irving, Richard Foulds · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper describes a parametric approach to synthesizing American Sign Language (ASL) using a commercially available human avatar (UGS Jack) driven by kinematic parameters. The system addresses the fundamental challenge that signed and spoken languages are not mutually…

  sign language · sign language synthesis · signing avatar · American Sign Language · animation

• Visualizing Non-Speech Sounds for the Deaf

  Tara Matthews, Janette Fong, Jennifer Mankoff · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper investigates peripheral visual displays that help people who are deaf maintain awareness of non-speech sounds in their environment — sounds like phone ringing, doorbells, knocking, fire alarms, children playing, dogs barking, and appliances operating. While commercial…

  deaf accessibility · sound visualization · peripheral display · sound recognition · ambient display

• Representing Coordination and Non-Coordination in an American Sign Language Animation

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '05)

  This paper introduces the Partition/Constitute (P/C) Formalism, a new computational representation for encoding the multichannel structure of American Sign Language (ASL) performances to support English-to-ASL machine translation and animation. ASL is a full natural language…

  American Sign Language · sign language animation · machine translation · natural language processing · deaf accessibility

• American Sign Language Generation: Multimodal NLG with Multiple Linguistic Channels

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · Proceedings of the ACL Student Research Workshop (ACLstudent '05)

  This short student-research-workshop paper presents the design rationale for Huenerfauth's English-to-ASL machine translation system, framing American Sign Language generation as a form of multimodal natural language generation (NLG) with multiple parallel linguistic channels.…

  American Sign Language · natural language generation · sign language machine translation · multimodal NLG · classifier predicates

• American Sign Language natural language generation and machine translation

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2005 · SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  Matt Huenerfauth's 2005 paper describes a research programme to build an English-to-American Sign Language (ASL) machine translation (MT) system that generates animations of a 3D virtual-reality signing character. The author frames the project against a stark literacy gap: most…

  ASL · American Sign Language · deaf accessibility · sign language · sign language animation

• A Multi-Path Architecture for Machine Translation of English Text into American Sign Language Animation

  Matt Huenerfauth · 2004 · Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at HLT-NAACL 2004

  Huenerfauth's 2004 student-research-workshop paper proposes a 'multi-path' (or 'pyramidal') architecture for English-to-American Sign Language machine translation that unifies the three classical MT paradigms — direct, transfer, and interlingua — into a single system, with each…

  ASL · American Sign Language · deaf accessibility · sign language · sign language animation

• TESSA, a System to Aid Communication with Deaf People

  Stephen Cox, Michael Lincoln, Judy Tryggvason, Melanie Nakisa, Mark Wells, Marcus Tutt, Sanja Abbott · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets 02)

  This paper describes TESSA (Text and Sign Support Assistant), an experimental system developed collaboratively by the University of East Anglia, the Royal National Institute for Deaf People, and Televirtual Ltd. to facilitate communication between deaf customers and Post Office…

  deaf accessibility · sign language · British Sign Language · sign language avatar · speech recognition

• Speech Recognition in University Classrooms: Liberated Learning Project

  Keith Bain, Sara H. Basson, Mike Wald · 2002 · Proceedings of the Fifth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets 02)

  This paper describes the Liberated Learning Project (LLP), an international applied research initiative studying whether speech recognition technology can successfully convert live university lectures into real-time text displays, serving as an alternative to traditional…

  speech recognition · higher education · deaf accessibility · real-time captioning · universal design

• The Development of Language Processing Support for the ViSiCAST Project

  R. Elliott, J. R. W. Glauert, J. R. Kennaway, I. Marshall · 2000 · Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper from the University of East Anglia describes early work on the ViSiCAST project (Virtual Signing, Animation, Capture, Storage and Transmission), a 3-year EU-funded initiative to provide improved access to services for Deaf citizens through sign language presented by a…

  sign language · sign language avatar · virtual signing · British Sign Language · machine translation

• VRML-Based Representations of ASL Fingerspelling on the World Wide Web

  S. Augustine Su, Richard K. Furuta · 1998 · Proceedings of the Third International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '98)

  This paper presents techniques for representing American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling using 3D hand models in VRML 2.0 (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) on the World Wide Web. The authors argue that VRML offers a more effective way to document sign language online than…

  sign language · American Sign Language · fingerspelling · VRML · virtual reality

• A Gesture Recognition Architecture for Sign Language

  Annelies Braffort · 1996 · Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '96)

  This paper from LIMSI-CNRS in France presents a gesture recognition architecture specifically designed for sign languages, grounded in a detailed linguistic analysis of French Sign Language (LSF). The key insight is that sign languages differ fundamentally from oral languages in…

  sign language · gesture recognition · French Sign Language · data glove · sign language recognition

• Computer Generated 3-Dimensional Models of Manual Alphabet Handshapes for the World Wide Web

  Sarah Geitz, Timothy Hanson, Stephen Maher · 1996 · Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '96)

  This paper from Gallaudet University and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center presents a web-based teaching tool for learning American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling through interactive 3D computer models. The authors created VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)…

  sign language · deaf accessibility · fingerspelling · virtual reality · VRML

• Multimedia dictionary of American Sign Language

  Sherman Wilcox, Joanne Scheibman, Doug Wood, Dennis Cokely, William C. Stokoe · 1994 · Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '94)

  This paper describes the Multimedia Dictionary of American Sign Language (MM-DASL), a Macintosh application functioning as a bilingual ASL-English dictionary that presents signs in full-motion digital video using Apple's QuickTime technology. The project, funded by the National…

  sign language · deaf accessibility · multimedia · dictionary · American Sign Language