Glossary

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W3C(also: World Wide Web Consortium)

The main international standards organisation for the World Wide Web, founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994. The W3C develops and maintains specifications including HTML, CSS, SVG, and ARIA. Its Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is responsible for the Web Content Accessibility…

WAI(also: Web Accessibility Initiative)

A programme of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that develops strategies, standards, and supporting resources to make the web accessible to people with disabilities. WAI is responsible for producing some of the most widely adopted accessibility standards, including the Web…

WCAG(also: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0)

A set of guidelines published by the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) that define how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. WCAG is organized around four principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR). The current version in…

WCAG 2.4 Navigable(also: Guideline 2.4, Navigable Guideline)

A guideline within the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) under the Operable principle that requires web content to provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are. Its success criteria address bypass blocks (skip navigation links), page…

WCAG Compliance(also: WCAG Conformance, Web Accessibility Compliance)

The degree to which a website or web application meets the requirements specified in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG defines three conformance levels (A, AA, AAA) with increasingly stringent criteria. Full WCAG compliance is rare — large-scale audits find…

WCAG Conformance(also: WCAG Compliance, Web Accessibility Conformance)

The degree to which a website or web application meets the requirements defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG defines three conformance levels: Level A (minimum, addressing the most critical barriers), Level AA (the standard target for most regulations…

WCAG Conformance Levels(also: WCAG Levels, Level A, Level AA)

WCAG defines three levels of conformance that indicate the degree to which web content meets accessibility requirements. Level A is the minimum, addressing the most critical barriers that would completely prevent some users from accessing content. Level AA is the target for most…

WCAG-EM(also: Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology)

A structured methodology published by the W3C for evaluating how well a website conforms to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG-EM defines a five-step process: defining the evaluation scope, exploring the website, selecting a representative sample of pages,…

WHODAS 2.0(also: WHODAS, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0)

WHODAS 2.0 is the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, version 2.0, a standardized instrument that measures health and disability across six life domains: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along with others, life activities, and participation in…

Web Accessibility Directive(also: WAD, Directive 2016/2102)

A European Union directive adopted in 2016 requiring all public sector bodies in EU member states to make their websites and mobile applications accessible. The directive mandates compliance with EN 301 549 (which incorporates WCAG 2.1 AA) and requires public sector…

Web Accessibility Initiative(also: WAI)

A program of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that develops strategies, standards, and supporting resources to make the web accessible to people with disabilities. Founded in 1997, WAI is responsible for producing the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), the Authoring…

Web Compliance Engineering

A discipline within Web Engineering focused on the application of quality assurance, testing, and management processes to ensure that web applications conform to standards, policy environments, and other quality criteria such as accessibility requirements. Web Compliance…

Wheelchair Accessibility(also: Wheelchair Access, Wheeled Mobility Access)

The degree to which physical environments, facilities, and services can be used by people who use wheelchairs. Wheelchair accessibility encompasses a wide range of factors including doorway widths, ramp availability and slope, floor surfaces, turning radius clearances, table and…

World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages(also: ACTFL World-Readiness Standards, WRSLL, 5 Cs of Foreign Language Education)

A set of US national standards for language education published by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL). The standards are organised around five goal areas — Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, and Communities (the "5 Cs") — and apply…

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