Glossary

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Adaptive Assistive Technology(also: AAT, Adaptive AT)

Assistive technology that monitors a user's current and past performance and automatically adjusts its functionality to match their changing needs. Unlike static assistive technologies with fixed settings, adaptive systems continuously observe user behavior — such as typing…

Adaptive Interface(also: Adaptive User Interface, Self-Adapting Interface)

A user interface that automatically modifies its presentation, behaviour, or content based on detected user characteristics, capabilities, preferences, or environmental conditions. In accessibility, adaptive interfaces can respond to changes in a user's sensory, motor, or…

Adaptive Navigation(also: Adaptive Navigation Support)

A technique in which a system dynamically modifies the presentation of navigational elements (such as links, menus, or breadcrumbs) based on user characteristics, behaviour, or context. In accessibility applications, adaptive navigation can reorder, annotate, hide, or highlight…

Adaptive User Interface(also: AUI, Adaptive Interface, Self-Adapting Interface)

A user interface that automatically detects changes in user behavior or ability and adjusts its presentation or functionality accordingly, without requiring the user to manually configure settings. In accessibility, adaptive user interfaces can monitor pointing performance…

Adaptive User Interface(also: AUI, Adaptive Interface, Self-Adapting Interface)

A user interface that automatically adjusts its presentation, behavior, or content based on user characteristics, preferences, context, or interaction patterns. Unlike customizable interfaces where users manually configure settings, adaptive interfaces use algorithms to detect…

Decision-Theoretic Planning(also: Decision-Theoretic Approach)

A computational approach to planning that uses mathematical models of decision-making under uncertainty, most commonly Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), to select optimal actions based on the current state of the system and predicted outcomes. In assistive technology,…

Dynamic Keyboard(also: Adaptive Keyboard, Self-Adjusting Keyboard)

An assistive technology concept in which a keyboard automatically adjusts its input parameters — such as key repeat rate, debounce time, and acceptance delay — based on the user's typing patterns and abilities. Dynamic keyboards were developed to reduce common typing errors…

Electronic Assistive Technology(also: EAT, Electronic AT)

Computer-based devices and systems that enable people with severe disabilities to perform tasks they would otherwise be unable to accomplish, including communication, environmental control, mobility, and computer access. Electronic assistive technologies are often integrated…

Flow State(also: Flow, Optimal Experience, Being in the Zone)

A mental state of complete immersion and focused engagement in an activity, characterized by a balance between challenge level and skill level. In accessible design, achieving flow state is important for learning systems and games because it maximizes engagement without causing…

Fuzzy Logic(also: Fuzzy Inference)

Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with approximate reasoning, where truth values range continuously between 0 and 1 rather than being strictly true or false. In assistive technology and signal processing, fuzzy logic systems are used to handle imprecise or…

Gravity Well(also: Target Attraction, Sticky Targets, Snap-to-Target)

An interaction filtering technique that warps the cursor space around interactive targets (such as buttons or links), creating attractive basins that pull the cursor toward the nearest target. This makes it easier for users with motor impairments to select small or distant…

Interface Personalisation(also: Interface Personalization, UI Personalisation, Adaptive Interface)

The ability for users to configure and customise the user interface of a digital system to match their individual needs, preferences, and abilities. In accessibility contexts, interface personalisation allows users to adjust settings such as text size, colour schemes, audio…

Link Annotation(also: Link Augmentation, Link Labelling)

The practice of adding supplementary information to hyperlinks to help users make informed navigation decisions before clicking. In web accessibility, link annotations may include the accessibility level of the target page, the file type and size of linked documents, or…

Markov Decision Process(also: MDP)

A mathematical framework for modelling decision-making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision-maker. In accessibility and assistive technology, Markov decision processes and their extension, partially observable Markov decision…

Personalized Dynamic Accessibility(also: Dynamic Accessibility, Adaptive Accessibility)

An approach to accessibility where systems automatically detect user abilities and adapt interface settings in real-time to match current needs. Unlike static accessibility settings that remain constant, personalized dynamic accessibility recognizes that an individual's…

Physiological Computing(also: Biometric Computing, Biosignal-based Computing)

A computing paradigm that uses real-time physiological signals from the body to inform system responses and adaptations. Common signals include heart rate (via photoplethysmography), skin conductance (galvanic skin response), respiration, and brain activity (EEG). In…

Pluggable User Interface(also: Pluggable UI, Alternative User Interface)

A pluggable user interface is an interchangeable interface component that can be swapped in or out of an application without changing the application's core functionality. In the Universal Remote Console (URC) framework, pluggable user interfaces connect to an abstract "user…

Self-Adaptive System(also: Self-Adapting System, Adaptive Interface)

A software or hardware system that automatically monitors user behaviour and adjusts its configuration or interface to better suit the user's needs without requiring explicit manual intervention. In accessibility, self-adaptive systems can detect changes in a user's motor…

Universal Remote Console(also: URC, URC Framework)

The Universal Remote Console (URC) is an ISO/IEC standard framework (ISO/IEC 24752) that enables pluggable, alternative user interfaces for applications and devices. URC separates the user interface from the underlying application through an abstract "user interface socket" that…

User Modelling(also: User Modeling, User Profiling)

The process of creating and maintaining a digital representation of a user's characteristics, preferences, needs, and behaviours to personalise their interaction with a system. In accessibility contexts, user modelling captures information about a person's disabilities,…

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