Glossary

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Narrow-Deep Interface(also: Narrow-Deep UI, Wizard Interface, Step-by-Step Interface)

A user interface design pattern that presents information across many screens, with only a small amount of content per screen. Users navigate through multiple sequential screens rather than scrolling through dense content. This approach reduces cognitive load by focusing…

Neurodegenerative Disease(also: Neurodegenerative Disorder, Neurodegeneration)

A category of diseases characterized by progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of nerve cells. Common neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These…

Neurodevelopmental Condition(also: Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disability)

A group of conditions that arise from differences in brain development and affect how a person processes information, learns, communicates, and interacts with the world. Common neurodevelopmental conditions include ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, dyscalculia,…

Neurodevelopmental Conditions(also: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, NDD)

A group of conditions that affect brain development and function, typically emerging in early childhood. These include autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, and specific learning disabilities. In accessibility, understanding neurodevelopmental…

Neurodevelopmental Disorder(also: NDD, Neurodevelopmental Disability)

An umbrella term for a group of conditions that originate during the developmental period and involve impairments in cognitive, social, emotional, or motor functioning. Common neurodevelopmental disorders include autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, intellectual disability, and…

Neurodevelopmental Disorders(also: NDD, Neurodevelopmental Disabilities)

A group of conditions that originate during the developmental period and are characterized by impairments in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Neurodevelopmental disorders include intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, specific learning…

Neurodivergence(also: Neurodiversity, Neurodivergent)

The natural variation in human neurological development and functioning that includes conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, anxiety disorders, intellectual disabilities, and other neurological differences. The neurodiversity paradigm frames these differences as natural…

Neurodivergent(also: Neurodiverse Individual, ND)

A term describing individuals whose neurological development and functioning differ from what is considered typical or "neurotypical." Neurodivergent conditions include ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, dyscalculia, Tourette syndrome, and other neurological differences.…

Neurofeedback(also: EEG Biofeedback, Neurotherapy)

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that uses real-time monitoring of brain electrical activity (typically via EEG) to teach individuals to self-regulate their brain function. Users receive feedback — often through visual, audio, or game-based interfaces — about their current…

Neuroinclusive Design(also: Neurodiverse Design, Neurodiversity-Affirming Design)

A design approach that explicitly accounts for the varied cognitive, sensory, and communication needs of neurodivergent individuals alongside neurotypical users. Neuroinclusive design goes beyond general accessibility by addressing specific patterns such as different information…

Neuronormativity(also: Neurotypical bias, Neuronormative standards)

The set of assumptions, norms, and practices that privilege neurotypical cognition as the default and superior way of thinking, communicating, and functioning, while treating neurodivergent ways of processing as deficient or deviant. Neuronormativity manifests in technology…

Neurotype

A classification of minds based on patterns of neurological functioning. The term encompasses both neurotypical (conforming to dominant neurological norms) and neurodivergent (diverging from those norms, including autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other neurological variations).…

Neurotypical(also: NT)

A term used to describe individuals whose neurological development and cognitive functioning fall within the range considered typical by prevailing societal standards — that is, people who do not have autism, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, or other…

Neurotypical Norms(also: Neurotypical Standards, Normative Expectations)

Social, behavioural, and professional expectations that are based on neurotypical patterns of cognition, communication, and functioning, often embedded unconsciously in technology, workplace culture, and institutional practices. Examples include job postings requiring candidates…

Non-Visual Mental Model(also: Non-Visual Representation, Tactile Mental Model)

A cognitive representation of concepts, objects, or systems built through non-visual sensory channels — primarily touch, hearing, and proprioception — rather than through sight. People who are blind develop non-visual mental models that may differ structurally from visual models…

Nonverbal Learning Disorder(also: NVLD, Nonverbal Learning Disability, NLD)

A neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with visual-spatial processing, motor coordination, and social skills, while verbal abilities are typically a relative strength. People with NVLD may struggle with interpreting visual information, understanding spatial…

Normative Language(also: Normativity in Assessment)

Language in assessment tools, questionnaires, or descriptions that implicitly establishes neurotypical or non-disabled experience as the standard against which all responses are measured. In emotional dysregulation measures, normative language includes loaded adjectives like…

Notification Fatigue(also: Alert Fatigue, Information Overload)

Notification fatigue is a state in which users become desensitized to or overwhelmed by frequent alerts, notifications, or information delivery from a device or system, causing them to ignore or tune out important messages. In accessibility contexts, notification fatigue is a…

Number Sense(also: Numeracy Intuition, Numerical Cognition)

The intuitive understanding of numbers, their magnitude, relationships, and how they are affected by operations. Number sense includes the ability to estimate quantities, understand relative size, recognize patterns, and make meaningful comparisons between numbers without…

Numeracy(also: Mathematical Literacy, Quantitative Literacy)

The ability to understand, use, and reason with numbers and mathematical concepts in everyday contexts. Numeracy skills include counting, arithmetic operations, understanding percentages and proportions, interpreting number lines, and making sense of numerical information in…

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